Rootkit, in this tutorial we will learn What is Rootkit? In the vast landscape of cybersecurity, understanding the term “rootkit” is crucial in safeguarding your digital world.
The term “rootkit” combines “root,” the highest level of access in Unix-like systems, and “kit,” which refers to the software components that implement the tool.
What is Rootkit?
A rootkit is a type of malicious software that allows the threat actor to gain administrative control of a computer system by opening a backdoor without the user’s knowledge. Allowing surreptitious access, data theft, and further malware deployment.
Rootkits are highly dangerous because they operate deep within the operating system, often at the kernel level, with kernel-level access, also known as root-level or system-level access, giving them the same control as the operating system itself and making them hard to detect and remove.
Even if the user suspects something is wrong, antivirus scans and other checks could show everything as normal because the rootkit hides its activities to avoid being detected.
Many modern rootkits are equipped with features that help them evade detection using various techniques. These techniques include hooking file system drivers or infecting the startup code in the Master Boot Record (MBR) of a disk, which can even compromise full-disk encryption systems.
Types of Rootkits
Rootkits come in various forms, each with different levels of complexity and functionality. The most common types of Rootkit include:
Kernel-Level Rootkits:
Kernel Level Rootkits target the core of the operating system, known as the kernel. They are the most dangerous because they have unrestricted access to the entire system and can effectively hide their presence.
User-Mode Rootkits:
User Mode Rootkits operate at the application level and are easier to detect and remove compared to kernel-level rootkits. However, they can still cause significant damage by intercepting and altering system calls.
Bootkit:
A subset of kernel-level rootkits, bootkit targets the Master Boot Record (MBR) or the UEFI firmware. By loading before the operating system, they can effectively take control of the system from the moment it starts.
Memory Rootkits:
Memory Rootkits exist in the system’s RAM, making them difficult to detect because they do not leave traces on the hard drive. However, they disappear once the system is rebooted.
Apart from these, other types of Rootkits are also used by cybercriminals.
Rootkit Examples
Rootkits are some of the most insidious tools in a cybercriminal’s arsenal, designed to gain deep control over a system while remaining hidden. Over the years, several notorious rootkits have made headlines due to their dangerous capabilities and widespread impact.
Sony BMG Rootkit (2005)
One infamous example is the Sony BMG Rootkit from 2005. Initially created to prevent illegal copying of music CDs, this rootkit inadvertently exposed millions of users to security vulnerabilities, sparking a major controversy.
Stuxnet (2010)
Another example is Stuxnet, a highly sophisticated rootkit used in 2010 to target Iran’s nuclear facilities. Stuxnet demonstrated how rootkits could be used in state-sponsored cyberattacks, hiding its operations while manipulating critical industrial systems.
ZeroAccess Rootkit
The ZeroAccess Rootkit is another notorious example, primarily used to create botnets for criminal activities such as Bitcoin mining and click fraud. It cleverly concealed its presence by modifying the Master Boot Record (MBR), making it difficult to detect.
Necurs Rootkit
The Necurs Rootkit gained notoriety for spreading ransomware and banking Trojans. By providing a secure platform for other malware, it helped cybercriminals conduct extensive illegal operations.
TDSS Rootkit (Alureon)
The TDSS Rootkit (also known as Alureon) is a well-known example that specializes in stealing sensitive information. It uses advanced techniques to hide from antivirus software, making it a persistent threat.
These examples highlight the dangerous versatility of rootkits and underscore the importance of robust cybersecurity measures to protect against such stealthy attacks.